Subject: Japans

This billhead from Bernhard Mayer, & Co., Manufacturers of Varnishes and Japans, located at 80 Beekman Street, New York, is dated April 21, 1865. The bill details a transaction with Mrs. Caroline Strack of York, PA, for the purchase of "10 Galls No 1 Varn" at $23.50 and "Reg 50 Galls 50" for $2.50, summing to $26.00. The stated total amount of the transaction is $21.45. The document features ornate Victorian-style cursive lettering for the business name, buyer's name, and city, along with printed grid lines for ledger entries. A note at the top indicates, "All complaints to be made in writing within thirty days after receipt of goods."

This billhead from Emil Calman & Co., Manufacturers of Varnishes & Japans, located at 299 Pearl St, New York, NY, is dated August 6, 1883. It records the sale of varnishes to Mr. A. A. Crain of Monticello, NY, including 75 gallons of Brown Japan, 40 gallons of No. 1 S. Furniture varnish, and 5 gallons of No. 1 Coach varnish, for a total of $20.35. The item features an ornate, detailed company logo with a shield displaying various varnish types (Coach Body, Carriage, Furniture, Damar, Shellac, Brown & Black, Japan) and stylized "Varnishes & Japans" text within an elaborate banner design, characteristic of Victorian-era commercial lithography. The document includes a note that "All complaints to be made in writing within thirty days after receipt of goods" and that the "goods ordered through Your favor are Shipped per Erie R.R." 3.

Letter from Julius Cohn, manufacturer of varnishes and japans, located at No. 207 Pearl Street, New York. Dated June 24, 1875, the letter is addressed to Messrs. A. B. Crain & Son of Monticello, NY. It acknowledges receipt of a draft for $23.65, which fully pays a bill from June 14, and expresses the hope for continued orders. The letterhead features an ornate, shaded typeface for "Julius Cohn" with decorative flourishes and a graphic element, while the main body of the letter is handwritten in a cursive script. 3.

A commercial letter written by Bernhard Mayer of New York City to W & B Douglass on June 11, 1862. The letter is printed on Mayer's letterhead, indicating his business as a manufacturer of varnishes and japans. The letterhead lists his address as 80 Beekman Street, New York City. Established in 1846, Mayer's firm is later listed with partners Siefred Mayer and Leopold Lowenstein in 1876.