Subject: Labor Movements

A graphic broadside issued circa 1877 by I.N. Choynski, an early San Francisco antiquarian bookseller and father of the first Jewish nationally ranked prize fighter. The broadside depicts anti-Chinese activist Denis Kearney in prison, tormented by Chinese men following his arrest for inciting a riot. The image reflects the sentiment of the Workingman's Party of California's slogan, "The Chinese Must Go!" during the 1870s, highlighting the party's resentment towards Chinese workers accepting lower wages and harsher conditions than their white counterparts. The broadside describes the riot Kearney incited on July 24, 1877, resulting in deaths and property damage. The broadside also notes Choynski's involvement with The Jewish Alliance of California and The Ladies' Auxiliary Jewish Alliance of California, established in 1891-1892, whose purpose was to aid and educate refugees arriving in San Francisco. The broadside measures 12.5 x 10 inches.

Broadside advertising the Socialistic Labor Party's candidates in the Cincinnati city election on Monday, April 1, 1878. The flyer, possibly printed as early as late 1877, urges workingmen to vote against the Democrats and Republicans, accusing them of neglecting the working class. It lists several candidates, including Solomon Ruthenburg for the Board of Public Works and Jacob Hemmler for Director of the Infirmary. The reverse side contains text in German; it is unclear if the message is the same. Louis Benjamin, Chairman of the City Executive Committee, is prominently mentioned. Benjamin founded The Cigar Makers Protective Union No. 4 of Cincinnati in 1886. The broadside is significant for its depiction of class conflict and the involvement of Jewish individuals in labor movements during the 1870s, a period marked by major economic crises.

This archive documents the life and death of Benjamin Leider, the first American volunteer killed in the Spanish Civil War (February 19, 1937). The collection includes a 13-page booklet, *The Flying Reporter* (Vol. 1, No. 3, March 1938), issued by the Ben Leider Memorial Committee; a press release announcing his death; a broadside detailing his death and including letters and newspaper reports; a photograph of Leider with friends; a love letter from Leider to S. Marshak (January 24, 1931); and a second love letter to S. Marshak (circa 1935). The archive also contains biographical information detailing Leider's early life in Kishinev, Russia, his family's emigration to the United States, his career as a journalist and aviator, his involvement in labor activism, and his service in the Spanish Loyalist Air Force. Additional information provides context on the 1905 Kishinev massacre, Leider's work with the New York Graphic, New York News Association, and New York Post, and the memorial service held at Carnegie Hall in 1938.