Subject: Montgomery, Alabama

Billhead from Goetter, Weil & Co., Designers & Leaders of Fashion, located at 5, 6, & 7 Court Square & 132 & 134 Lee St., Montgomery, Alabama. Dated January 17, 1889. The bill lists an itemized list of purchases by E. A. Hall, and includes an itemized list of the transaction with prices and quantities. The billhead displays ornate Victorian-style lettering and has a stamp marking payment received. The billhead also notes their New York office, 22 to 26 Howard Street.

Billhead for Lilienthal & Gassenheimer's Capitol Clothing Store, located in Montgomery, Alabama. The billhead is dated May 1881. The billhead is addressed to W. H. Hall and features a printed company logo. The business is described as a “Fine Clothing and Furnishing Goods” store, specializing in children's and boys' clothing. There is a handwritten note at the bottom of the billhead, likely a signature.

Billhead - POLLACK COMPANY, Wholesale & Retail Dry Goods in Montgomery, Alabama. ....14,16,18, & 20 Court Square,.....3/12/1892. listed an office at 21 Wooster St., NYC Pollak & Co., a wholesale and retail dry goods business operating out of Montgomery, Alabama during the late 19th century. The business was established by Samuel Pollak (who immigrated to New York from Austria in the 1860s) and his brother, Ignatius Pollak (born Ignaz Pollak). Samuel , who converted to Christianity died in 1883. Ignatius Pollak (born Ignaz Pollak, 1854-1915) was an incredibly wealthy Austrian-Jewish immigrant who became a highly influential entrepreneurial force in post-Civil War Alabama. After arriving in America, he built an extensive network of commercial investments: Retail Pioneer: Operating alongside his brother Samuel in Montgomery, Ignatius helped manage Pollak & Co. Wholesale & Retail Dry Goods, which revolutionized regional commerce by being among the first to successfully master the "dollar store" model in the South. " Industrialist & Real Estate Tycoon: Following Samuel's tragic drowning in 1883, Ignatius diversified heavily. He incorporated the Alabama Bitumen Company and established Cullman Properties. His real estate holdings grew so massive that his family maintained lavish residences across Cullman, Birmingham, Montgomery, and New York. " Civic Leader: He was a primary driver of modernizing local infrastructure, investing deeply in early municipal utilities like electric lighting systems. " Progressive Family: His wealth and status provided a platform for his family's progressive civic involvement. His wife, Helene Pollak, went on to become a prominent leader in the Alabama women's suffrage movement, serving as the president of the Cullman Equal Suffrage Association Ignatius Pollak was a prominent Austrian-Jewish immigrant who maintained a deep commitment to his heritage while building a business empire in the American South. In 1876, he married his wife, Helene, within the traditional framework of the Central European Jewish community in Miskolc, Hungary, before emigrating to the United States. While operating his business in Montgomery, Alabama, Pollak and his family actively integrated into the local Jewish landscape, which was anchored by the historic Temple Beth Or congregation. Despite later moving to Cullman, Alabama-a rigid agricultural colony founded primarily for German-Christian immigrants-Pollak successfully preserved his faith and traditions. He raised his children, Robert Raphael and Charlotte Leah, with a dedication to their Jewish heritage despite their geographic isolation from major Jewish population centers. Living as wealthy, highly respected German-speaking Jewish elites, the Pollak family stood out as prominent exceptions in the settlement, maintaining their distinct cultural and religious identity from their grand Cullman estate, "Borkenau."

Billhead - S. Marcus...Stationary Store...Montgomery, Alabama...7/26/1883. The identity of Sigmund Marcus (S. Marcus) as a Jewish businessman in 19th-century Montgomery, Alabama, is documented through historic local synagogue archives, regional Jewish history databases, and public records:Synagogue Membership Records: Sigmund Marcus is historically recorded as a congregant and contributor to Kahl Montgomery (later known as Temple Beth Or), which was formally established in 1849 as Montgomery’s first Jewish congregation

Billhead of Steiner & Lobman, with business addresses at 136 & 138 Commerce Street and 113 to 123 Tallapoosa Street, Montgomery, Alabama, and New York City offices at 216 Church Street. The date is June 30, 1892. The billhead notes that the printing was done by Good Litho.

A letter written by Curry Marks on the letterhead of D. Abraham, a wholesale and retail dealer in crockery, Haviland's French china, glass ware, and plated ware. The letter, dated June 18, 1887, from Montgomery, Alabama, is addressed to Gish & Co. in Lynchburg, Virginia. In the letter, Marks requests that Gish & Co. send him a complete line of samples, as he intends to travel and solicit orders in surrounding towns. The letterhead features a stylized banner with "OFFICE OF D. ABRAHAM" and includes details of the business's offerings and address.

This letter, dated June 9, 1887, from Curry Marks, an agent, to Gish & Co. in Lynchburg, Virginia, discusses a business trip. Writing on the ornate letterhead of D. Abraham, a wholesale and retail dealer of crockery, Haviland's French china, glassware, and plated ware, Marks explains that he is in Montgomery, Alabama, but finds it "useless for me to be on the road this month" due to inactive saw mills, which means the mills are not in need of goods. He expresses readiness to travel next month if Gish & Co. approves. The letterhead features decorative Victorian-style lettering for the business name, along with a detailed listing of the products sold and the street address.

This letter, dated October 1, 1887, is from Curry Marks, an agent for S. Loeb, a dealer in Dry Goods and Groceries located at Arnold's Corner in Montgomery, Alabama, and is addressed to Messrs. R. E. Gish & Co. in Lynchburg, Virginia. The letter discusses business matters, including a returned freight shipment from Dadeville, an unsuccessful attempt to meet Mr. Robinson, and confirmation that Mr. Ward has received his goods. Marks also addresses an incorrect charge for a box of cigars, explaining that it was provided to Sam Rice as a sample with the understanding of a larger order, and requests credit for it. The letter is written on a pre-printed billhead for S. Loeb, featuring the business name in ornate Victorian-style lettering and identifying the business as a "DEALER IN DRY GOODS AND GROCERIES" at "ARNOLD'S CORNER."

Receipt issued on October 2, 1861, in Montgomery, Alabama, acknowledging the purchase of a saw file from Wyman, Moses & Co. The receipt is made out to T. G. Sinvins and E. Einstein. Wyman, Moses & Co. was a hardware store in Montgomery, Alabama, owned by an early Jewish American family. Mordecai Lyon Moses worked for the company.