Subject: Reform Judaism

Pamphlet containing a lecture delivered on January 7, 1869, before the Religious Liberty Association of Cincinnati. The lecture discusses God's design in history and the unique destiny of America. Authored by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise.

Two copies of an address titled "The Importance of Reform Judaism and its Difficulties," delivered by Claude G. Montefiore, President of the World Union for Progressive Judaism, to the XXXII Council of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations on January 18, 1931. The address discusses the significance and challenges of Reform Judaism.

Bound volume of the American Israelite newspaper, edited by Isaac Mayer Wise, encompassing issues from July 10, 1857, to July 21, 1858. Published by Bloch & Co. The volume contains 52 issues and includes numerous advertisements. The newspaper was library-bound and conserved circa 1970. This is an invaluable historical resource.

Bound volume of the American Israelite newspaper, Volume 2, encompassing issues from July 13, 1855, to July 24, 1856. Edited by Isaac Mayer Wise. Published by Bloch & Co. The volume includes numerous advertisements and was library-bound and conserved circa 1970.

Six-page letter (8 x 12 inches), primarily in English with interspersed Hebrew, titled "ALBANY FOR THE OCCIDENT" and "AMERICAN LITURGY." Likely written circa late 1840s or early 1850s, it offers an early critique of Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise's reform activities in Albany by an Orthodox member of the Albany community. The letter mocks Wise, referring to him as "Rev. Beth Din," and discusses his attempts at liturgical reform and the establishment of a unified American Jewish ritual. The author expresses concern over the potential schisms within the Jewish community caused by these reforms and also cites Mr. L. and the Occident. The letter is missing a page that likely contained the writer's signature. This remarkable document, sent to Leeser's Occident, provides rare insight into the early stages of the Reform movement in America.

Printed letter or broadside from the Committee "To the Friends of Religious Reform" in New Orleans, Louisiana, dated October 11, 1864. This appeal for a new Reformed Congregation solicits subscriptions. The committee members were S.L. Nasits, L.A. Levy Jr., N. Barnett, Alexandar Marks, B. S. Lichtenstein, Marx, Julius Weis, Mayer Stern, Edward Newman, G. M. Cohen, Henry Abraham, B. Sternklar, and Leon Blum. This is the only known copy, identified by Singerman #1864. Further research is needed to determine if this effort led to the founding of Temple Sinai in 1870.

This book contains eighteen sermons on aspects of Judaism, delivered by Claude G. Montefiore. Montefiore was a prominent Anglo-Jewish scholar, and his work played a significant role in the founding of the Liberal Jewish Union of England in 1902. The sermons likely cover various themes and interpretations of Jewish law, tradition, and practice, reflecting Montefiore's scholarly approach and liberal perspective. Published around 1895.

Autograph letter signed by Isaac Mayer Wise (1819-1900) written in German to Rabbi Max Landsberg (1845-1927) on the letterhead of *The Israelite & Die Deborah*. The verso contains Landsberg's pencil-written response to Wise. Wise questions Landsberg's signing of a petition against him at the Cincinnati rabbinical conference. The letter includes Landsberg's response. Two pages. Written in Cincinnati, Ohio on July 10th, 1871 and Rochester, NY on July 13th, 1871. Letters fully transcribed and with complete English translation.

This is the first edition of *Avodat Yisrael*, a prayer book in Hebrew and English, published in Baltimore in 1865. Printed by W. Polmyer, this 8vo volume contains 618 + 27 + [6] pages and features a period full tooled leather binding. Edited by Benjamin Szold, it became a standard prayer book for the American Reform movement, notably omitting references to Temple sacrifices and other elements considered objectionable by Reform Judaism. OCLC lists only three copies worldwide.

Certificate awarded to Gertrude Gottheil for completing a Music Gymnastics class on December 15, 1876. Accompanying the certificate is a handwritten note from Richard James Horatio Gottheil, dated May 13, 1903, to Gilbert Rich. The note indicates the certificate came from the library of Rabbi Gustav Gottheil, the grandfather of Gilbert Rich.

Collection of approximately 20 documents related to Reform Rabbi Bernard Felsenthal, spanning the 1870s-1890s. Materials are primarily in English and German and include letters to and from Felsenthal, congregational reports from the Chicago Sinai Congregation, a eulogy for Abraham Lincoln, a contract for employment of a new rabbi, and newspaper clippings. Documents vary in size and condition. The collection provides insights into Felsenthal's rabbinical work, his views on Jewish law, and his involvement in community affairs in Chicago during this period. The collection also contains some materials related to his published works, such as articles and reviews.

This is the cover of a pamphlet containing the eulogy delivered by Dr. David Einhorn at Kenesseth Israel Synagogue in Philadelphia on April 19, 1865. The pamphlet is in German. The cover provides only the title and some descriptive information, likely for the occasion of the eulogy.

This book commemorates the dedication of Temple Gates of Hope, a Reform congregation founded by German Jews in 1882 at 86th Street between Lexington and Park Avenues in New York City. The book includes the sermon, "The Evolution of Religion," delivered by Edward B. M. Browne on January 28, 1883, at the dedication ceremony. Published by the Jewish Herald Pub. Co., New York.

Bound volume 15, copy 1 through 51, of Die Deborah, a German-language Jewish newspaper published in Cincinnati, Ohio. Published by Bloch & Co., this volume spans July 9, 1869 to June 24, 1870. It is described as a sister publication to The Israelite and contains advertisements. The editor was Isaac Mayer Wise.

Partial run of the German-language newspaper *Die Deborah*, published in Cincinnati, Ohio, from January 1, 1857, to August 21, 1857, and August 13, 1858. This volume (Volume 4, Copy 1) is incomplete, with gaps in the sequence. Published by Bloch & Co., *Die Deborah* was a sister publication to *The Israelite*. Isaac Mayer Wise served as editor. The newspaper is bound in an old binding.

This 15-page pamphlet, written by Rev. David Davidson (1848-1933), addresses the question of Judaism's continued relevance. Published circa 1885, it reflects the religious landscape of the time and Davidson's role as a prominent Reform rabbi and educator. The pamphlet's scarcity is noted by its inclusion in Singerman's bibliography (2843), and its absence from OCLC. The pamphlet likely circulated within the American Jewish community during a time of significant change and debate within the Jewish faith.

Three-page draft letter written by Rabbi Sabato Morais to the Sunday Dispatch, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, supporting an article in the Israelite advocating for reform in Jewish dogma. The letter, dated circa 1855, reflects the transition to "American Modern Orthodoxy" and Morais's significant role in shaping American Judaism.

A 14-page handwritten draft of a speech by Rabbi Gustav Gottheil (1827-1903), circa 1885, concerning the methods and teaching of religious schools. The draft emphasizes the importance of the teacher's personal influence and the creation of a positive learning environment. Includes a signed cover note by Richard James Horatio Gottheil (1862-1936), the Rabbi's son, dated May 13, 1903.

This book contains the Evening and Morning Service for the Sabbath, published by the Central Conference of American Rabbis. A bookplate depicts the Irene Kaufmann Settlement House located at 1835 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA. The publication date is estimated to be January 1, 1895.

This is a fifth edition of a book containing prayers for Passover, with an English translation. Printed by L.H. Frank in New York City in 1874, it is bound in tooled red leather with gilded page edges. A previous owner's name is stamped in gold on the cover. The book came from Rodeph Shalom Congregation in Pittsburgh, a historically prominent Reform congregation.

This book, published in Braunschweig in 1845 by Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, is a collection of synagogue songs compiled by Hirsch Goldberg. It features pieces for solo and small choir in two parts. The work is notable for its role in modernizing synagogue music, particularly within the Reform movement. The collection was intended for use in the synagogue in Braunschweig. The book's significance is further enhanced by its connection to Salomon Freudenthal, credited with writing "En Kelohenu," who contributed to this volume. This book was acquired for comparison with early Reform hymns used in America.

This is a German-language hymnal published in Philadelphia in 1856 for use in the Keneseth Israel Reform Congregation. Containing 28 folios, it includes hymns for various Jewish holidays (Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Shemini Atseret, Passover, Shavuot, Sabbath), lifecycle events (weddings, confirmations), and general religious themes. The hymns appear to be drawn from earlier sources, particularly the work of Joseph Johlson. The hymnal represents an early example of Jewish liturgical music published in the United States and reflects the evolving practices of Reform Judaism in Philadelphia.

A three-page handwritten letter from H. A. Henry in San Francisco to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, dated June 20, 1865. Written in English with some Hebrew words, the letter discusses book orders, settling accounts, the impact of Civil War food prices and high taxes on Henry's income, and current events in San Francisco, including the progress of Orthodox German Jews who separated from the Reform movement and the dwindling attendance at Reform Friday evening services. The letter also mentions Mr. Koshland of San Francisco, a Mr. Myers, and Rev. Mr. Isaac of New York. A few lines of text are missing.

This book contains the 1892 Hilbert Lectures on the origin and growth of religion, focusing on the ancient Hebrews. The lectures were instrumental in the founding of the Liberal Jewish Union of England in 1902. This particular copy is inscribed.

This 18-page sermon by Rev. I.L. Leucht was preached at the Rampart Street Synagogue in New Orleans on December 7, 1870. Published in 1871, it's a plea for support of the Jewish educational system in New Orleans. The text is in both English and German. The pamphlet is considered scarce, with only one known copy previously recorded.

This pamphlet contains the inaugural sermon delivered by Dr. David Einhorn at the Har Sinai-Verein temple in Baltimore, Maryland on September 29th, 1855. The sermon, originally in German, was translated into English by Dr. Abram B. Arnold. The pamphlet provides insight into the religious and possibly political climate of Baltimore's Jewish community in the mid-19th century. It also mentions Einhorn's later expulsion from Philadelphia in 1861 due to his pro-Union views during the Civil War and his subsequent rabbinical work in New York City.

Two copies of "Is There a Middle Way?: Papers for the Jewish People, No. XXIII." Published circa 1920. The geographic location is not specified but is related to Claude G. Montefiore's work and activities.

This book contains a collection of addresses delivered at services of the Jewish Religious Union during its first session in 1902-1903. The addresses were given by various speakers, notably including contributions from Claude G. Montefiore. The founding of the Liberal Jewish Union in 1902 is attributed largely to the efforts of Israel Abrahams.

This prayer book, "Korban Aharon," contains prayers for Sabbath, Passover, Shavuot, Sukkot, and Rosh Hashanah. Authored by Aaron Hahn, Rabbi of the Tifereth Israel Congregation in Cleveland, Ohio, it was published in 1876. The Tifereth Israel Congregation, founded in 1850, shifted towards Reform Judaism under Rabbi Hahn's leadership (1874-1892).

An unsigned letter, possibly from a congregant, offering insightful commentary on Rabbi Isaac Wise's sermons and articles published in Isaac Leeser's *The Occident*. Written in English with interspersed Hebrew phrases, the letter discusses Wise's interpretation of biblical texts and his views on religious practice in America, including the use of organs in synagogues. The letter is dated circa 1850 and may have been sent to Isaac Leeser. The handwriting is unique and does not match other examples in the Pennsylvania portion of this collection.

This archival item is the last page (8" x 12") of a letter, dated sometime in 1860, written by Benjamin II to Isaac Leeser. The letter is a rebuttal to press attacks by J. K. Gutheim, the preacher and chazzan of the Portuguese synagogue in New Orleans, concerning the "Touro Monument Affair." The letter appears to be a German-to-English translation by Leeser, showing editing marks and corrections, suggesting preparation for publication. A note in a third hand is present after the signature. The Touro Monument Affair involved a controversy over the planned erection of a statue of Judah Touro, which Benjamin II opposed on halakhic grounds. This led to public disagreements, press attacks, and a withdrawal of financial support from Benjamin II's organization. The controversy was reported in several national publications, including Leeser's *Occident*. The document has been verified by Dr. Arthur Kiron and Bruce Nielsen at the Katz Center, University of Pennsylvania.

Four-page letter written by A. Englander of Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia on October 20, 1860. The letter details Dr. Elkan Cohn's inaugural sermons, discusses internal congregational debates, notes the growth of Jewish communities in California, and includes a postscript mentioning Isaac Wise. The letter provides valuable insight into the early history of Congregation Emanu-El and the development of Reform Judaism in San Francisco.

A one and one-quarter page letter written circa 1855 by A. I. H. Bernal in Louisville, Kentucky, detailing Rabbi Isaac Wise's visit to the city. Bernal, the teacher at Congregation K. K. Adas Israel, describes the inroads of Reform Judaism and the challenges faced by the congregation, including internal conflicts with a faction referred to as "Gerstle." The letter highlights tensions between traditional and reform Jewish practices, financial difficulties, and the challenges of maintaining a Sabbath school in the face of competition and changing religious attitudes.

A one and a half page handwritten letter from B. M. Emanuel in Claiborne, Alabama, dated May 14, 1857, to Isaac Leeser. Emanuel apologizes for not paying for a Hebrew book and a subscription, citing financial difficulties. He mentions writing to the Chief Rabbi for leniency and plans to collect outstanding Occident subscriptions. The letter's back sheet serves as an addressed cover with a Claiborne, Alabama postmark and a 'Paid 10' notation. The postmark is noted as rare, valued at $175 in the late 1990s. The letter offers insight into Emanuel's financial struggles and his role in the community.

Three-page letter written by Gershom Kursheedt in New Orleans, Louisiana on December 3, 1853, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses Kursheedt's concerns regarding Leeser's confrontational nature and his objections to elements of Dr. Wise's Reform Judaism. Kursheedt advises Leeser to direct criticism towards enemies rather than friends. The correspondence highlights the relationship between two men who would later become executors of Judah Touro's estate. Kursheedt was the publisher of the *New Orleans Commercial Times* and a communal leader.

Four-page letter written by Gershom Kursheedt in New Orleans, Louisiana on May 3, 1853, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses Kursheedt's interactions with Judah Touro regarding financial matters, speculation on the status of Jews in China, and observations on the local Reform Jewish community in New Orleans.

Single-page letter written by H. C. Ezekiel, formerly of Richmond, to Isaac Leeser on April 19, 1867. The letter, written on the letterhead of Gottlieb and Ezekiel, Dealers in Government Groups, Clothing, Dry Goods in Cincinnati, inquires about the publication and potential order of *Daily Prayers According to the Reform Minhag America*. The letter is accompanied by a Civil War store token, likely issued by a sutler, featuring the inscription "M. EZEKIEL..3RD VIR. REGT...GOOD FOR 5 IN GOODS" on the front. The back of the token is blank. The Ezekiel family was notable in Richmond.

Autograph letter written by I.W. Moses (likely Israel Moses, MD, 1821-1870) to Horace Moses on November 7, 1852, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses family matters, including instructions to lend clothing to "Becky" (likely Rebecca Gratz) for the boys, and details the location of prayer books belonging to the writer and his brother, Isaac Moses Jr. The letter is part of the Gratz collection, with some materials having ended up in Canada.

Autograph letter signed by Isaac Harby, written in Charleston, South Carolina on May 5, 1826, to E. P. Cohen. The letter discusses the historical arguments for not wearing a head covering in the temple, representing an early American document in the history of Reform Judaism. Harby, a key figure in the early American Reform movement, presents his own research and interpretation of scripture on this topic.

Four-page letter from Isaac Hart in New Orleans, Louisiana to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dated November 26, 1856. Hart expresses sympathy for Leeser's lack of appreciation and discusses the growing influence of other Jewish publications. This letter provides insight into the personal challenges faced by Leeser and the development of Jewish life in New Orleans.

Two-page letter written by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise of Albany, New York to Rabbi Isaac Leeser of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 8, 1850. The letter details the events surrounding a conflict at Congregation Beth-El in Albany, including a physical altercation, the involvement of the sheriff, and the subsequent formation of a new congregation, Anshe Emeth. Wise requests that Leeser publish an announcement in the Occident about the new congregation and the resolution of the conflict.

A two-and-a-half-page letter written by Isaac Mayer Wise from Albany, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, circa 1850. Wise sharply criticizes an article in Leeser's *Occident* magazine, written by someone identified only as "Truth." The letter includes a detailed critique of "Truth's" understanding of Jewish history, religious practice, and the role of the *Occident*. Wise's writing style is sarcastic and displays his intellectual prowess. He discusses the importance of history as a source of revelation and challenges "Truth's" interpretation of the Talmud. The letter also includes comments on the Charleston, South Carolina Synagogue and the Chasidic movement. Wise requests that his letter be published in the *Occident*. The letter is a historically significant document providing insight into the internal debates within the American Jewish community of the mid-19th century.

One-page letter written by Isaac Mayer Wise in Cincinnati, Ohio, on July 14, 1854, to Isaac Leeser. Wise discusses the successful launch of his newly published Israelite newspaper.

A letter written by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise of Albany, New York to Rabbi Isaac Leeser of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 22, 1850. The letter discusses Wise's opinions on Dr. Raphael, a figure involved in a debate with Reverend Pozanski in Charleston, South Carolina. The letter offers insight into the diverging views of Wise and Leeser, foreshadowing their later falling out.

Letter written by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise from Albany, New York, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 22, 1851. The letter pertains to an order of 24 books.

A one-page letter written by J. Lanfirtz from Fort Wayne, Indiana to Isaac Leeser on November 23, 1865. The letter discusses the Reform Movement in Judaism, noting the bitterness and potential for lasting conflict between factions.

Printed broadside letter dated February 1, 1879, written by Jacob Ezekiel, Secretary of the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Rev. George Jacobs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter solicits books and periodicals relating to Israelites for the Hebrew Union College library. The letter includes a lithographic emblem of the College. This is an important historical document relating to the early development of the Hebrew Union College library. According to Singerman, no other copy of this broadside is known to exist. Cincinnati, Ohio, was the historic center of Reform Judaism, where Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise established the Union of Reform Judaism in 1873 to fund the Hebrew Union College, founded in 1875.

Two-page letter written on May 8, 1878, by Jacob Ezekiel, Secretary of the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Rabbi Sabato Morais of Mikveh Israel Congregation in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter concerns efforts to establish a national union of congregations, with Mikveh Israel's refusal to join. Ezekiel requests Morais' continued participation in the upcoming annual student examinations in June, despite Mikveh Israel's decision. The letter is written on official Hebrew Union College stationery and enclosed in an official envelope.

Three-page letter written by Joseph Abraham in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on October 14, 1858. The letter provides personal insight into the Wise Reform controversy, with Abraham referring to Isaac Mayer Wise as "Saint Isaac Myer Wise" and criticizing Wise's actions.

Three-page letter written by Joseph Abraham in Cincinnati, Ohio, on September 5, 1865, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abraham discusses the recent dedication of a "progressive Jewish Temple" in Cincinnati and criticizes Reform Judaism, expressing concern about the rejection of traditional Jewish beliefs and practices. He describes himself as "marked" by Reformers for his outspoken opposition.

This letter, written on the embossed stationery of Shaarai Chesed Synagogue in New Orleans, is authored by Joseph Jacobsohn. Dated October 24, 1864, it discusses Rabbi Bernard Illowy's edict prohibiting the circumcision of children with Christian mothers. The letter, written in a mix of English and Hebrew, may be missing its final page. While unsigned, the handwriting is consistent with other known samples of Jacobsohn's writing. The letter's content relates to a controversy surrounding Rabbi Illowy and Isaac Leeser. Rabbi Illowy, a prominent Orthodox rabbi in the United States, had a falling out with Leeser over theological differences. This letter provides valuable insight into the internal discussions within the American Jewish community during this time. The letter's geographic context is New Orleans, Louisiana.

A five-page letter dated June 28, 1865, from Joseph Jacobsohn in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter details the takeover of the Congregation Schaarey Chased synagogue by German young men from the North, their establishment of a Reform temple, and the subsequent resignation of Rabbi Bernard Illowy. It provides a firsthand account of the development of the post-Civil War Reform movement in New Orleans and the conflict between Orthodox and Reform Judaism.

A one-page letter dated January 5, 1855, from Moses Cohen Mordecai in Charleston, South Carolina, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Mordecai declines Leeser's request for financial assistance for Reinah Judah, citing family obligations and questioning the extent of Judah's need. This letter provides insight into the personal and financial circumstances of various individuals within the Jewish community in the mid-19th century United States.

A six-page letter written by Reverend Moses N. Nathan from St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, to Reverend Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, circa April 1865. The letter discusses Nathan's wife's illness, a Rabbinic debate with Leeser concerning Bar Mitzvah training, and the challenges of navigating Reform Jewish ideas in St. Thomas and Curaçao.

This 7.5" x 10" letter, written in German with an accompanying translation, was sent from Rabbi Bernard Illowy to Isaac Leeser around 1853. Illowy requests copies of past issues of *The Occident* and mentions Messrs. B. Abeles and Grunsfelder in relation to outstanding funds. The letter provides insight into the relationship between Illowy and Leeser, which later soured, and offers a glimpse into the Philadelphia Jewish community of the time. Rabbi Illowy arrived in America in 1852 as the first Orthodox Rabbi with a PhD. He held rabbinical positions in various cities, including Philadelphia, St. Louis, Syracuse, Baltimore, and New Orleans. A renowned scholar and speaker, he engaged in significant polemical exchanges with Reform leaders, his writings appearing in publications like *The Asmonean*, *The Israelite*, *The Jewish Messenger*, and *The Occident*.

A one-page letter written in English by Rabbi Dr. Max Lilienthal to Julius Freiberg on August 31, 1871, in Cincinnati, Ohio. The letter concerns a Halachic opinion on the disinterment of graves from an older Jewish cemetery for transfer to a new cemetery. It includes a reference to Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise's opinion on the matter. The letter shows the lower left corner is torn.

A one-page letter written by S. Valentine, Secretary of the Shearith Israel Congregation in Charleston, South Carolina, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 6, 1854. Valentine discusses the conflict between Orthodox and Reform Jews in Charleston, noting the ridicule faced by Orthodox congregations but highlighting the flourishing state of Shearith Israel. He encloses the proceedings of the congregation (not included in this archival item).

Three-page handwritten letter from Samuel Hart of Charleston, South Carolina to Isaac Leeser, dated May 6, 1853. The letter discusses fundraising for books and Occident subscriptions, and expresses concern and criticism regarding Dr. Isaac Wise's appointment to a Cincinnati congregation, perceived as a triumph of Reform Judaism. Hart, a religious traditionalist and president of Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim, speculates on Wise's motives and beliefs. The letter provides insight into the religious tensions and debates within the American Jewish community in the mid-19th century. The letter is housed in the University of Pennsylvania Library's collection of Judaica Americana.

A three-page letter written by Samuel Hart to Isaac Leeser in Charleston, South Carolina on December 21, 1847. The letter discusses the upcoming marriage of Miss Tobias and Mr. Minnis of Savannah, Georgia, and raises questions about Mr. Minnis's circumcision status and its implications for the marriage. The letter also reflects Hart's views as a leader in the secession from Beth Elohim Synagogue and President of Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim of Charleston.

A one-page letter written by Samuel L. Bruel of Cincinnati, Ohio, to Isaac Leeser on January 10, 1864. Bruel expresses strong opposition to the Reform Movement in Cincinnati, criticizing its practices and expressing concern about its impact on Orthodox Judaism. The letter provides firsthand insight into the debates surrounding the rise of Reform Judaism in the United States during the Civil War.

Two-page letter written by Solomon Cohen of Savannah, Georgia to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 29, 1859. Cohen discusses the decline in readership of Leeser's publications and attributes it to the changing attitudes of educated American Jews towards traditional synagogue worship. He argues for a reform of synagogue services while maintaining core tenets of Judaism.

Four-page letter written by Solomon Nunes Carvalho on April 20, 1852, from Charleston, South Carolina, to Rabbi Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The letter discusses internal conflicts and controversies within the Charleston Jewish community, mentioning individuals such as Henry Phillips, Rabbi Ellis Lyons, and Dr. Raphael. It offers insight into the dynamics of Reformed Judaism in Charleston during this period.

Four-page letter written by Solomon Nunes Carvalho to Isaac Leeser on September 7, 1851, from Charleston, South Carolina. Carvalho, a prominent supporter of Leeser, offers advice and strategies to refute accusations against Leeser, mentioning specific individuals and events. He also discusses Isaac Wise and predicts his future obscurity. This letter provides significant insight into the tumultuous period surrounding Leeser's break with Isaac Mayer Wise.

A three-page letter from T. Levin to Isaac Leeser, dated October 7, 1852, providing an update on the progress of Congregation Chevra Cheneses Shalom in Syracuse, New York, one month after its consecration by Leeser. The letter details the success of the High Holidays services, the election of Isaac H. Bronner as president, and the efforts to retain Rev. H. A. Henry as minister. The letter also reflects the growing Reform movement within the congregation by 1861.

Handwritten letter from Theodore Leon of New Orleans, dated September 30, 1860, addressed to Isaac Leeser, editor of the Occident in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Leon requests the discontinuation of the Occident's subscription for Edward Leon, who has resided in Europe since 1859. The letter provides details regarding the change of address and emphasizes the need to cease sending the publication to Edward Leon's former address.

Two-page letter dated June 22, 1843, from W. B. Simmons in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Simmons discusses difficulties receiving copies of *The Occident*, the appointment of Mr. Carillon as minister, and recent Reform changes within the Jewish community. He describes a dream of meeting Leeser and being awakened by an earthquake.

Letter of introduction from Adolph Langer to Isidore Loeb, dated July 6, 1880. The letter, written on Union of American Hebrew Congregations letterhead, concerns Loeb's introduction to the French Alliance Israélite Universelle. The letter references Langer's European trip and discusses the Board of Delegates of American Israelites and issues related to European Jewry.

Printed broadside letter dated May 17, 1825, transmitting the Constitution of the Reformed Society of Israelites. The letter was sent from Jacob Cohen in Baltimore, Maryland to Charleston, South Carolina. It includes the printed signatures of Isaac Harby, D.M. Carvalho, Abraham Moise, E.P. Cohen, and Isaac N. Cardozo, as the Corresponding Committee. This is considered an important document in the early history of Reform Judaism in America.

Pamphlet titled "Liberal Judaism and Authority," part of the series "Papers for the Jewish People," numbered XXII. Published in 1919. The pamphlet discusses the relationship between Liberal Judaism and authority.

Lithograph depicting the interior of the Hebrew Synagogue of Charleston, South Carolina, before its destruction by fire on April 27, 1838. The print is dedicated to Rev. Gustavus Poznanski by Solomon N. Carvalho. This synagogue housed the congregation where Reform Judaism in America originated. This is one of several known copies. The lithograph was sold at Sotheby's in New York City on January 18, 2018 for $43,750.

This 15-page book is a lecture delivered by Rabbi H.M. Bien at Haverly's Theater in Chicago on April 27, 1879. It serves as a defense of the Bible against the criticisms presented in Colonel Robert Ingersoll's works, "Mistakes of Moses" and "Skulls."

This book contains three sermons by Rabbi Isaac S. Moses: "The True Self," "Man and Humanity," and "Right Opportunities." Published in Milwaukee in 1886 by Congregation Emanu-El, this first edition is printed in English with the second sermon also appearing in German. The sermons explore themes of self-discovery, humanity's potential, and the importance of seizing opportunities. Rabbi Moses, a prominent Reform rabbi, served congregations in Quincy, Illinois; Milwaukee; and Chicago before leading Central Synagogue in New York. He was a founding member of the Central Conference of American Rabbis and played a significant role in developing Reform Jewish liturgy.

This archival item consists of a four-page manuscript letter written by Isaac Mayer Wise to Isaac Leeser on March 1, 1850. The letter contains the third installment of Wise's "Principles of Judaism" series, originally published in Leeser's *Occident*. Leeser's handwritten editorial corrections and notes are present in the margins. The letter includes passages in Hebrew and demonstrates the early development of Reform Judaism in the United States. The manuscript is significant for its connection to two prominent 19th-century figures in American Jewish life and its relation to Wise's later work, *The Essence of Judaism* (1861). While lacking Wise's signature, authenticity is confirmed by comparison to other letters by Wise in this collection.

Sermon manuscript titled "Many Pathways... One Goal," delivered at a Liberal Jewish Synagogue on January 25, 1930. The manuscript is part of the O Collection, housed in Ms. Coll. 1410, OOS, Box 5, Folder 2. The geographic location associated with this item is Lexington, Kentucky.

Program for memorial services held at the Liberal Jewish Synagogue on July 11, 1938. The program mentions Claude G. Montefiore (1858-1938).

This 112-page book, *Ner Tamid: Die Lehre des Judenthums*, by David Einhorn, was published in Philadelphia in 1866. Subtitled *The Doctrine of Judaism Illustrated for School and Home*, it presents a systematic overview of Jewish teachings aimed at both educational and domestic audiences. The book is unbound.

Custom-printed New Year's card with decorative edges. The card is primarily in English and includes greetings from Rabbi Joseph Krauskopf and his wife. Sent from Kansas City, Missouri, on January 1, 1886.

Newspaper clipping from the *New York Herald*, February 22, 1860, featuring a significant editorial by Rabbi David Einhorn titled "Trouble Among the Hebrews." The editorial is a protest against the establishment of the Board of Delegates of American Israelites, referencing its first meeting in late November 1859. The article is noted for its unusual length and significance as the first major attempt at forming such a board, eventually encompassing one-third of the congregations in the USA. The Board of Delegates of American Israelites (BDAI) was later succeeded by the Union of American Congregations. The clipping is from Volume D, Page 19 of the archive.

This pamphlet, part of the series "Papers for the Jewish People," addresses the relationship between Liberal Judaism and Jewish Nationalism. It was published in 1917. The pamphlet is from the collection of Ms. Coll. 1410, OOS, Box 5, Folder 1.

This pamphlet, part of the "Papers for the Jewish People" series, No. XXV, discusses the topics of "Liberal Judaism and Convenience" and "Do Liberal Jews Teach Christianity?" It was published sometime around January 1, 1924. The pamphlet's geographic context is unclear but may relate to the United States given the association with Claude G. Montefiore.

A personally signed copy of a Bible by Rabbi Solomon Freehof. Published by the Jewish Publication Society (JPS), a leading publisher of Reform Jewish texts. Rabbi Freehof was a prominent Reform Rabbi in the mid-20th century and served as the rabbi of Temple Sinai in Pittsburgh for many years. The donor notes that Rabbi Freehof married them in 1961. The book's publication date is unknown, but based on Rabbi Freehof's career, it is likely from the mid-20th century.

This 111-page book (8.5" x 6") contains the proceedings of the first annual session of the Council of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, held in Cleveland, Ohio, from July 14th to 16th, 1874. It includes an address in German by Dr. Jacob Mayer. A preceding pamphlet, "Proceedings of the First General Convention of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations" (Cincinnati, OH: Bloch & Co., [1873]), is referenced but not included in this collection. The Union of American Hebrew Congregations, later renamed the Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), was founded in 1873 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise in Cincinnati, Ohio, initially comprised of 34 congregations. In 1950, the UAHC relocated its headquarters to New York City. In 2003 it officially changed its name to the Union for Reform Judaism.

This pamphlet is a program for services commemorating the centennial anniversary of Sir Moses Montefiore. The program details services held in both London, England and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October 26, 1884. The Philadelphia service was held at Congregation Rodef Shalom. The program includes English and Hebrew text.

Reprint of "Prospects of Liberal Judaism" from the Yearbook, Volume XXXIV, of the Central Conference of American Rabbis. Published in 1924.

Printed broadside advertising subscriptions for the first issue of the *American Israelite*, the first Reformed Jewish newspaper in the United States. Published in Cincinnati, Ohio, circa 1854. The verso contains a handwritten letter from Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise to Leopold Waterman soliciting literary contributions for the first edition.

Receipt issued on March 20, 1853 in Baltimore, Maryland, documenting a subscription to Rabbi Isaac M. Wise's forthcoming book, *History of the Israelitish Nation*. The receipt is made out to Dr. Joshua I. Cohen. The book, later published in Albany in 1854 as *The History of the Israelitish Nation from Abraham to the Present Time*, was Rabbi Wise's first publication.

This 11-page book, from the library of Rabbi Dr. David de Sola Pool, records the proposed changes to the liturgy of New Orleans' Portuguese Congregation Nefutzot Yehudah (Dispersed of Judah) in 1875. It details the motions supporting the revisions and the counterarguments presented by Rabbi Joseph Hayim Mendes Chumaceiro, who opposed the changes. The Congregation Nefutzot Yehudah merged with Congregation Shaarei Chesed in 1881 to form the present-day Touro Synagogue of New Orleans.

An article from the North American Review, Vol. 23 (1826), reviewing Isaac Harby's "A Discourse delivered in Charleston, South Carolina on the 21st of Nov. 1825, before the Reformed Society of Israelites, for Promoting True Principles of Judaism according to its Purity and Spirit," and "The Constitution of the Reformed Society of Israelites." The review, written from a Christian perspective, offers insights into the early Reform Jewish movement in Charleston, South Carolina, and Harby's leadership within it. The review notes that Harby received correspondence regarding the Discourse from Thomas Jefferson.

Rare anti-slavery sermon delivered in Manchester, England, in 1861 by Rabbi Gustav Gottheil. Based on Isaiah xlii. 6, 7 and Leviticus xxxix. 43. This pamphlet is one of only three known copies in American libraries. The sermon attacks those who claimed slavery was sanctioned by Mosaic Law. Gottheil served as rabbi for the Manchester Congregation of British Jews from 1860-1873. He later served as Co-Rabbi at Temple Emanu-El in New York City.

This book is a collection of sermons delivered by various American rabbis. Published by the Central Conference of American Rabbis in 1896, it represents a significant body of Reform Jewish thought and preaching from the late 19th century. The sermons likely cover a range of topics relevant to Jewish life and practice in America at that time.

Silver ewer presented to Rabbi Samuel Adler on May 25, 1860, in gratitude from Temple Emanuel, New York. The ewer features an eagle on the reverse side and Hebrew inscriptions. Manufactured by Gale and Will, NYC.

Silver wine cup presented to Eliza A. Lilienthal on the occasion of her marriage on June 28, 1865. The cup is engraved with the inscription "The Trustees of KKBI to Eliza A. Lilienthal June 28/65." The inscription references Congregation Bene Israel (KKBI) in Cincinnati, Ohio. Eliza Lilienthal was the eldest daughter of Dr. Max Lilienthal, a prominent figure in the development of Reform Judaism in the United States. The presentation of this goblet is documented in the 1845-1869 Trustees Minute Book of Congregation Bene Israel.

Typescript of "Some Rough Notes About Liberal Judaism," identified as Papers for the Jewish People No. XXVIII. The document is dated January 1, 1928. The typescript is housed in Ms. Coll. 1410, OOS, Box 5, Folder 1.

This book, published by Block & Co. in Cincinnati around 1866, contains the prayer book for the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) used by American Israelites. The book includes 307 pages of text, 55 additional pages, and two tipped-in leaves for family records. A notation in the family record section notes the death of Samuel Ollendorff on March 17, 1886. The book is bound in contemporary blind-embossed brown cloth with gilt bands and lettering on the spine. Authored by Isaac M. Wise, a prominent figure in American Jewish religious life known for bridging traditional Judaism with American ideals.

Bound volume of The American Israelite, a weekly newspaper published in Cincinnati, Ohio, from January 4, 1878, to June 28, 1878. This volume represents issues 1-26 of the newspaper's New Series, Volume 8. It includes advertisements and is bound with a copy of Deborah for the same period. Published by Bloch & Co.

Bound volume of The American Israelite, a weekly newspaper published in Cincinnati, Ohio, from July 1, 1870 to June 30, 1871. Published by Bloch & Co., this volume contains 52 issues and includes advertisements. The newspaper was later library-bound and conserved circa 1970.

This 34-page pamphlet details a lawsuit between members of Congregation Beth Elohim in Charleston, South Carolina, concerning the installation of an organ in 1840. The dispute highlighted the conflict between traditional and reform Jewish practices in the United States. The lawsuit, printed on May 25, 1843, provides detailed accounts of the allegations and arguments presented in court, ultimately representing a significant early victory for the Reform movement in America. The case's resolution established a precedent for future disputes over religious practices within American synagogues.

Published in Cincinnati by Bloch & Co. in 1872. This book contains 271 pages of daily prayers for American Israelites, plus an additional 42 pages in the back containing English-only prayers. The cover features the name "HYMAN, HENRY" embossed in gold.

This book, published by Bloch & Co. in Cincinnati in 1866, contains the Divine Service for the Day of Atonement used by American Israelites. The book includes 307 pages of liturgical text, plus an additional 55 pages of supplementary material. The book contains inscriptions from previous owners on the flyleaf.

This book, published by Bloch & Co. in Cincinnati in 1866, contains the liturgy for Rosh Hashanah as practiced by American Israelites. It comprises 212 pages and features contributions by Isaac Mayer Wise, a prominent Reform rabbi.

This book, published by the Bloch Publishing and Printing Company in Cincinnati in 1884, explores the Jewish law of marriage and divorce across different historical periods and its intersection with secular law. Authored by Rabbi Moses Mielziner, a prominent figure in American Reform Judaism, the work comprises 149 pages and includes a final leaf of publisher's advertisements. This is the first edition; a revised second edition was published in 1901.

Pamphlet titled "THE JUSTIFICATION OF LIBERAL JUDIASM"; PAPERS FOR THE JEWISH PEOPLE No. XXI. Published circa January 1, 1919. Found in Ms. Coll. 1410, OOS, Box 5, Folder 1.

This book contains a lecture delivered at Essex Hall, Oxford, by Claude G. Montefiore. The lecture discusses the position of Judaism within the broader context of world religions. Montefiore's involvement in founding the Liberal Jewish Union of England in 1902 is also mentioned. This particular copy was owned by Rabbi S.B. Freehof of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and annotated by him.

This book contains a collection of sermons delivered at the services of the Jewish Religious Union. The sermons were largely influenced by Claude G. Montefiore, whose efforts led to the founding of the Liberal Jewish Union of England in 1902. The book was published in 1927 and includes sermons by Rabbi S. B. Freehof of Pittsburgh, PA.

This is the first American edition of Gotthold Salomon's "Twelve Sermons," originally published in London in 1839. Translated from the German by Anna Maria Goldsmid, this edition was published in Charleston, South Carolina by Levin & Tavel in 1841. It includes a new preface emphasizing America's religious freedom and its refuge for Jews, possibly written by Isaac Leeser, and features two pages of advertisements for Leeser's works. The book is significant for its connection to the early development of Reform Judaism in America.

Two bound books published in 1877 by L.H. Frank, located at 32 1/2 Bowery. The first book is a Hebrew and English translation of *Sepher Yezirah* (Book of Creation), possibly the first such translation published in English in the United States. The second book is *A Sketch of the Talmud*. Rabbi Isidor Kalisch, a liberal German-trained rabbi, is identified as the author of both. Kalisch served congregations in Cleveland, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Indianapolis, Leavenworth (Kansas), Detroit, Newark, and Nashville. *Sepher Yezirah* is considered the foundational text of Jewish mysticism (Kabbalah).

This book, published by D. Appleton in 1870, is an early essay on Reformed Judaism. It offers insights into the religious thought and practices of the Reform movement in the late 19th century. The author, Raphael D'C Lewin, presents his perspective on the key tenets and evolution of Judaism within the context of Reform Judaism.

Zeichen der Zeit, a monthly periodical on religion, philosophy, and society, edited by Dr. Isaac Loew Chronik. Published in Chicago, Illinois, beginning in 1861. This collection comprises issues 1-12, totaling 192 pages with consecutive page numbering. The editor was a prominent leader of the Sinai Reform Congregation, established in Chicago in 1861. The binding is detached, with loose leaves and stains, primarily affecting issues 11-12. The size is 22.5 cm.